Ability and Virtue (Cai De)

Two ways a chart can be well made

The book distinguishes two kinds of good structure: one in which virtue outweighs ability, producing the bearing of a gentleman, and one in which ability outweighs virtue, producing a display of many talents. It does not rank them morally — it tells you what each will look like in a life. The distinction maps onto the classical pairing of the resource (what one receives and is formed by) and the output (what one produces), so a reader can see which side of the chart is carrying the person.